Dr. Orwa Nasser MD MPH - Pterygium (Surfer’s Eye)

Pterygium (Surfer’s Eye)

Pterygium is a benign (non-cancerous) growth of fleshy tissue that arises on the conjunctiva and may extend onto the cornea. It is commonly referred to as surfer’s eye due to its strong association with prolonged sun, wind, and environmental exposure. Although typically slow-growing, a pterygium may cause irritation, redness, or visual changes if it extends toward the central cornea.

Symptoms:

·    Redness and irritation.

·    Dryness or itching.

·    Foreign-body sensation.

·    Tearing or burning.

·    Blurred vision if corneal involvement occurs.

Causes:

·    Pterygium is strongly associated with chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure and environmental irritants.

·    Prolonged sun exposure.

·    Wind and dust exposure.

·    Dry eye conditions.

·    Outdoor occupations or activities.

Diagnosis and Tests: Diagnosis is made through clinical examination using slit-lamp microscopy. Your eye specialist evaluates the size, shape, and corneal involvement.

Management and Treatment:

·    Surgical treatment: Surgery may be recommended if vision is affected, ocular symptoms persist, discomfort persists, ocular redness persists, interference with contact lens wear, growth progresses or the lesion is cosmetically bothersome. 1Excision is often combined with tissue grafting to reduce recurrence.

·    Observation and supportive care: Mild cases may only require lubricating eye drops and regular monitoring.

·    Medications: Anti-inflammatory drops or short-term topical corticosteroids may reduce irritation and redness.

Prognosis: Many pterygia remain stable. Surgery generally has good outcomes, though recurrence is possible.

Prevention: Wearing UV-protective sunglasses and minimizing environmental exposure can reduce risk and recurrence.

When Should I See My Healthcare Provider? Seek evaluation for persistent irritation, vision changes, or noticeable growth toward the center of the cornea.

When Should I Go to the Emergency Room? Emergency care is needed for sudden vision loss or severe eye pain.

What Questions Should I Ask My Healthcare Provider?

·    Is this a pterygium or another condition?

·    Is it progressing?

·    Do I need surgery?

·    How can I prevent recurrence?

Key Takeaways:

·    Pterygium is a benign conjunctival growth.

·    UV exposure is the main risk factor.

·    Many cases require only monitoring.

·    Surgery is reserved for significant symptoms or vision changes.